Contents
- What is a backup
- Why backups are needed and why they are important
- Types of backups
- How and where to store backups
- How often to perform backups
- How to back up a computer, phone, and website
What is a backup
A backup is the process of creating a copy of data that can be stored on both local and remote media. This refers to various types of files, including documents, images, videos, databases, software, and other critically important materials. A synonym for this term is data backup. A simple example of a backup can be seen when working with documents in Microsoft Word, where the program automatically saves files in a specified folder, allowing for recovery if necessary.
Why backups are needed and why they are important
The main function of a backup is to restore information in case of various issues, such as system failures, user errors, cyberattacks, or other unforeseen circumstances. There are many examples where backups can save data:
- Internal system errors;
- Incorrect installation of updates;
- Accidental deletion of data;
- Forgetting to save an important file;
- Virus infections;
- Hard drive failure.
Having a backup in such cases allows for quick information recovery. In commercial development, the practice of creating backups of websites and services before significant changes is common to ensure that, in case of an error, the system can be returned to its previous state. Regular backups are necessary because data loss can occur unexpectedly. In projects, clear regulations are often developed that define when and how to back up data, what to save, and where to store the information.
Types of backups
There are several types of backups:
Full backup
In a full backup, a complete copy of all information is created, and all subsequent versions also contain the full volume of data. This method is considered the most reliable, although it requires more time and storage space. It is most effective in situations where data is critical, and recovery must happen quickly.
Incremental backup
An incremental backup includes only the information that has changed since the last full backup. This means that only the first backup contains the entire volume of data, while all subsequent versions take up less space and are created faster. However, restoring data will require recreating all versions.
Differential backup
A differential backup includes the first full copy, and all subsequent versions contain only the changed data. To restore, only the full copy and the latest differential version are needed. This method can be used in systems with gradual data updates.
How and where to store backups
There are two main methods for storing backups:
Local backup
A local backup is created on a physical device, such as an external hard drive, USB drive, or network storage. This method is convenient for quick access to data and allows for maintaining control over information security. However, it is worth noting that data can be accidentally deleted or corrupted, and local media have limited storage capacity.
Cloud backup
A cloud backup involves copying data to remote servers, such as Google Drive, Dropbox, or specialized backup services. This method provides access to data from anywhere in the world but relies on having a stable internet connection. Additionally, the cost of data storage may be higher, as it involves renting space in remote storage.
Important! When creating backups, it is not recommended to store data on the same device as the original. For example, if you make a copy of the operating system in a separate folder on the same PC, in the event of a device failure, the data may be corrupted, and recovery will be impossible.
How often to perform backups
The frequency of backups depends on the volume of data that can be lost without serious consequences for the project. For example, if losing information for an hour of work would result in significant losses, backups should be made every 60 minutes. In cases where data loss over a week or month is not critical, weekly or monthly backups may suffice.
How to back up a computer, phone, and website
Regularly creating backups is one of the most important steps in ensuring the security of your devices and data.
How to back up a computer
For backing up on a PC, built-in tools can be used. It is recommended to store backups on external hard drives or in cloud storage. Backups are best created before important changes, such as system updates or software installations.
How to back up a phone
Regularly save contacts, messages, photos, and app data. On Android and iOS, this can be done through settings by enabling backup to Google Drive or iCloud, respectively.
How to back up a website
For websites, backups should be performed regularly and before significant updates. Use built-in hosting tools, content management systems (CMS), or plugins to automate the process.