Contents
- What is nonverbal communication?
- Differences between verbal and nonverbal communication
- Functions of nonverbal communication
- Tools of nonverbal communication
- How to develop nonverbal communication skills?
What is nonverbal communication?
Nonverbal communication, also known as nonverbalization, is a way of conveying information using "body language" — through gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and touch. This is an important aspect of interpersonal communication that, according to various studies, accounts for 50% to 80% of all transmitted information. Nonverbal signals can significantly enrich verbal communication, making interactions deeper and more meaningful.
Differences between verbal and nonverbal communication
There are many differences between verbal and nonverbal communication, which can be highlighted in the table:
| Verbal Communication | Nonverbal Communication |
|---|---|
| Uses spoken and written language. | Based on facial expressions, gestures, and other nonverbal signals. |
| Conscious and controlled. | Involuntary, often spontaneous. |
| Can discuss events from the past or future. | Reflects only current feelings and emotions. |
Functions of nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication serves several key functions:
- Complementary: Supports and clarifies what is said, such as pointing to an object.
- Contradictory: May contradict words, showing a person's true state.
- Substituting: Replaces speech, such as a nod instead of saying "yes."
- Regulating: Guides and coordinates dialogue.
These functions aid in the exchange of information and emotional interaction, establishing psychological contact and allowing for a better understanding of the interlocutor.
Tools of nonverbal communication
There are several key tools of nonverbal communication:
Kinesics
- Gestures: Indicate specific actions or emotions.
- Facial expressions: Reflect a wide range of emotions.
- Eye contact: Establishes emotional connection between interlocutors.
- Posture: Expresses levels of trust and openness.
- Gait: Demonstrates emotional state and confidence.
- Appearance: Indicates social status and intentions.
Haptics
Includes tactile signals, such as handshakes and hugs, which reflect the degree of closeness between people.
Sensorics and acoustic signals
Sensorics is based on sensory perception, while acoustic signals reflect emotional states through intonation and voice tone.
Proxemics
Relates to the distance between interlocutors and their positioning relative to each other, which can vary based on cultural norms.
Chronemics
Concerns the use of time in communication, including attitudes toward lateness and multitasking.
How to develop nonverbal communication skills?
To enhance the effectiveness of nonverbal communication, it is useful to:
- Study and interpret "body language." Consider the context and surroundings.
- Evaluate nonverbal cues as a whole, paying attention to various signals.
- Observe the interlocutor to not miss important nonverbal signs.
- Look for discrepancies between words and nonverbal signals by asking clarifying questions.
- Practice, developing emotional intelligence and mindfulness.
Nonverbal communication is an integral part of effective communication that allows us to understand others more deeply and express our thoughts and feelings better.