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What is a server?
A server is a specialized computer or software system that provides various services to other devices known as clients. These clients can be personal computers, smartphones, or other devices connected to the network. When a user wants to open a web page, they initiate a request to the server. In this process, the user simply clicks on the website name, and the server, upon receiving the request, sends the necessary files (texts, images, and other elements) back to the user's browser. The browser then interprets this information and displays it on the screen.
Servers play an important role not only in the web environment but also in other aspects of the internet. They are responsible for forwarding emails, streaming video, playing music, and supporting online stores and social networks. Thus, servers provide the storage and transmission of all data that is available on the network.
From a technical perspective, a server can be viewed as a powerful computer designed to process and store large volumes of data. It is also worth mentioning virtual servers—programs that emulate physical servers, operating on one or more real devices. This allows tasks to be distributed among several virtual servers; for example, one can handle websites, another can manage file uploads, and a third can send emails.
Why are servers needed?
Servers perform several key functions that make them indispensable in the modern digital world:
- Data storage: All programs and applications available on the internet are stored on servers. This frees companies from the need to use many personal computers for data storage. Users can also utilize servers for storing their files, such as on cloud services.
- Uninterrupted access: Servers operate 24/7, providing constant access to online resources. This is especially important for businesses where users can make purchases or communicate at any time.
- High performance: Servers can handle billions of requests simultaneously, making them ideal for large companies and platforms.
- Process automation: Servers can perform tasks without human intervention, significantly saving time and resources. For example, they automatically process orders and notifications.
- Increased security: Modern servers protect data from unauthorized access and create backups, minimizing the risk of data loss.
Despite their advantages, servers can be subject to physical destruction (for example, due to fire), highlighting the importance of backing up data on multiple physical devices.
What types of servers are there?
Servers can be classified by their functions and tasks:
- Web server: Handles requests for displaying web pages and sends back HTML code and other elements.
- Video server: Stores and transmits video files in real-time, necessary for streaming.
- Local network server: Manages resources within a single network, such as in an office or educational institution.
- Email server: Responsible for sending and receiving emails.
- Game server: Stores data about gaming sessions and synchronizes players in online games.
- FTP server: Allows uploading and downloading files via the internet.
- DNS server: Translates domain names into IP addresses and vice versa, simplifying access to resources.
- VPN server: Provides a secure connection to the internet, hiding the user's real IP address.
- Proxy server: Hides the IP address but does not encrypt data, allowing it to be used for simple tasks.